Contents

Cover

Further Volumes of the Series “Nanotechnology Innovation & Applications”

Title Page

Dedication

Series Editor Preface

About the Series Editor

Foreword by Gerhard Ertl

Foreword by Pierre Jacobs

A View from the Ridge: Catalysis in a Modern Society
Nanoheterogeneous Catalysis in a Sustainable Society

Part One: Preparation of Nanocatalysts and Their Potential in Catalysis

Chapter 1: Liquid-Phase Synthesis of Nanocatalysts
1. 1.1 Introduction
2. 1.2 Metallic Oxides
3. 1.3 Metallic Nanoparticles
4. 1.4 Oxide–Metal Interfaces
5. 1.5 Conclusion
6. References
Chapter 2: Supported Gold Nanoparticles Leading to Green Chemistry
1. 2.1 Introduction
2. 2.2 Oxidation
3. 2.3 Hydrogenation
4. 2.4 Conclusion
5. References
Chapter 3: Application of Nanocarbon Materials to Catalysis
1. 3.1 Introduction
2. 3.2 Surface Chemistry of Carbon Materials
3. 3.3 Catalytic Applications of Nanocarbons
4. 3.4 Summary and Perspectives
5. Acknowledgments
6. References
Chapter 4: Nano-Oxide Mesoporous Catalysts in Heterogeneous Catalysis
1. 4.1 Introduction
2. 4.2 Strategies for the Preparation
3. 4.3 Nano-Oxide Mesoporous Catalysts and Catalytic Applications
4. 4.4 Conclusions
5. References
Chapter 5: Solution Combustion Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Properties of Oxide Materials
1. 5.1 Introduction
2. 5.2 Solution Combustion Synthesis of Oxide Catalysts
3. 5.3 Characterization
4. 5.4 Catalytic Properties
5. 5.5 Conclusions
6. Acknowledgments
7. References
Chapter 6: Nanostructured Porous Materials: Synthesis and Catalytic Applications
1. 6.1 Introduction
2. 6.2 Materials as Supports
3. 6.3 Supported Metal Nanoparticles on Porous Materials
4. 6.4 SMNPs Synthesis Routes
5. 6.5 Catalytic Applications of Nanomaterials
6. 6.6 Conclusions
7. Acknowledgments
8. References
Chapter 7: Core Magnetic Composites for Catalytic Applications
1. 7.1 Introduction
2. 7.2 Magnetic Properties of Nanoparticles
3. 7.3 Synthesis of Core–Shell Magnetic Nanoparticles
4. 7.4 Characterization of Core–Shell MNPs
5. 7.5 Catalytic Applications in Miscellaneous Reactions
6. 7.6 Conclusions
7. References
Chapter 8: Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Magnetically Separable Materials
1. 8.1 Introduction
2. 8.2 Immobilization of Metal Nanoparticles on Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs)
3. 8.3 Immobilization of Metal Nanoparticles on Silica-Based Magnetic Supports
4. 8.4 Magnetic Responsive Polymer Materials as Supports
5. 8.5 Magnetic Carbon-Based Materials as Supports for the Immobilization of Metal Nanoparticles
6. 8.6 Summary
7. References
Chapter 9: Tuning the Activity of Supported Nanoparticles Through Charge Transfer
1. 9.1 Introduction
2. 9.2 Influence of the Charge on the Activity
3. 9.3 Charge Transfer between the Support and Nanoparticles
4. 9.4 Controlling Charge Transfer between the Support and Metal Nanoparticles
5. 9.5 Concluding Remarks
6. References
Chapter 10: Metal–Organic Framework-Mediated Synthesis in Catalysis
1. 10.1 Introduction
2. 10.2 Metals and Metal Oxides
3. 10.3 Nanostructured Carbons
4. 10.4 Nanoparticles@Carbon
5. 10.5 Perspective
6. Acknowledgment
7. References
Chapter 11: Sustainable Routes for Synthesis of Zeolite Catalysts
1. 11.1 Introduction
2. 11.2 Organotemplate-Free Synthesis of Zeolites
3. 11.3 Solvent-Free Synthesis of Zeolites
4. 11.4 Summary and Perspective
5. References
Chapter 12: Superior Porous Zeolite Catalysts
1. 12.1 Introduction
2. 12.2 Types
3. 12.3 Industrial Appeal
4. 12.4 Characterization
5. 12.5 Performance
6. 12.6 Summary and Outlook
7. References
Chapter 13: Diffusion in Nanocatalysis
1. 13.1 Introduction and Scope
2. 13.2 Diffusion and Reaction in Nanomaterials: General Aspects
3. 13.3 Diffusion and Reaction in Nanomaterials: Implications on Catalysis
4. 13.4 Conclusions and Outlook
5. References
Chapter 14: Atomic Layer Deposition for Catalysis
1. 14.1 Introduction
2. 14.2 ALD for Catalysis: Motivation
3. 14.3 Conclusions
4. Acknowledgments
5. References
Chapter 15: Digital Fabrication in Catalytic Technology
1. 15.1 Introduction
2. 15.2 Digital Fabrication Tools
3. 15.3 Printing Catalysts
4. 15.4 Printing Reactors
5. 15.5 Perspectives
6. References

Part Two: Nano Catalysis for Precision on Chemicals Production and Alternative Feedstock Conversion

Chapter 16: Nanocatalysis: A Key Role for Sustainable Energy Future
1. 16.1 Introduction
2. 16.2 Challenges for Catalysis to Enable a Sustainable Energy Future
3. 16.3 Exploiting Shale and Stranded Gas Fields
4. 16.4 Nanocarbons as Novel Catalysts for Energy Conversion and Storage
5. 16.5 Conclusions
6. References
Chapter 17: Nickel Nanocatalysts for Methane Steam Reforming
1. 17.1 Introduction
2. 17.2 Number of Active Sites on Nickel Nanoparticles: Development of Catalysts
3. 17.3 Nature of Surface Sites on Nickel Nanoparticles
4. 17.4 Deactivation of Catalysts by Carbon Formation
5. 17.5 Poisoning
6. 17.6 Conclusions
7. References
Chapter 18: Development and Performance of Iron Based Oxygen Carriers for Chemical Looping
1. 18.1 Concept of Chemical Looping
2. 18.2 Materials for Chemical Looping
3. 18.3 Catalyst-assisted Chemical Looping
4. 18.4 Combined Chemical Looping
5. 18.5 Challenges in First-principles Modeling of Oxygen Storage Materials
6. 18.6 Conclusions and Outlook
7. References
Chapter 19: New Catalytic Initiatives and Challenges in Syngas Conversion
1. 19.1 Introduction and Scope
2. 19.2 Review of the State of the Art of Gasoline-selective and Diesel-selective Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis
3. 19.3 Ideal Hydrocracking Under Fischer–Tropsch Conditions
4. 19.4 The Road to a One-step Clean Synthetic Diesel Process
5. Acknowledgments
6. References
Chapter 20: Nonoxidative Dehydroaromatization of Methane
1. 20.1 Introduction
2. 20.2 Mo/HZSM-5 Catalysts
3. 20.3 Deactivation
4. 20.4 Future Directions
5. References
Chapter 21: Oxidations with Nanocatalysis
1. 21.1 Introduction
2. 21.2 Large-scale Industrial Oxidation Processes Using Metal Nanocatalysts
3. 21.3 Nanocatalysis at the Research Stage: Quo Vadis?
4. 21.4 Conclusions
5. References
Chapter 22: Propane-selective Oxidation to Acrylic Acid
1. 22.1 Introduction
2. 22.2 Reactor Technologies
3. 22.3 The MoV(Te/Sb)(Nb/Ta)O Catalysts
4. 22.4 Conclusions
5. References
Chapter 23: Catalysis in Lignocellulosic Biorefineries: The Case of Lignin Conversion
1. 23.1 Introduction
2. 23.2 Structure of Lignocellulose
3. 23.3 Fate of Lignin in Common Biorefinery Schemes
4. 23.4 Alternative Categorization of Biorefinery Schemes
5. 23.5 Applications of Isolated Lignins
6. 23.6 Depolymerization of Isolated Lignin Streams to Phenolic Compounds
7. 23.7 Upgrading of Phenolic Compounds to Fuels, Chemicals, and Polymer-building Blocks
8. 23.8 Conclusions and Outlook
9. References
Chapter 24: Catalysis for Biorefineries: What Industry Needs?
1. 24.1 Introduction
2. 24.2 What Industry Needs?
3. 24.3 Case Studies with Renewables
4. 24.4 Catalyst Deactivation
5. 24.5 Conclusions
6. References
Chapter 25: Transformation of Sugars Using Nanoporous Acidic Catalysts
1. 25.1 Catalytic Transformation of Sugars
2. 25.2 Lewis Acid-catalyzed Sugar Transformation
3. 25.3 Brønsted Acid-catalyzed Sugar Transformation
4. 25.4 Outlook and Perspectives
5. References
Chapter 26: Rational Design of Nanostructured Carbon Materials: Contribution to Cellulose Processing
1. 26.1 Introduction
2. 26.2 Porous Carbon Materials and Graphitic Carbons: Synthesis and Functionalization
3. 26.3 Potential of Mesoporous Carbons in Catalytic Depolymerization of Cellulose
4. 26.4 Challenges and Outlook
5. References
Chapter 27: Nanocatalysis in the Fast Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass
1. 27.1 Biomass Pyrolysis for the Production of Renewable Fuels and Chemicals
2. 27.2 In Situ (Single-step) Upgrading of Biomass Pyrolysis Vapors via Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis
3. 27.3 Reaction Mechanisms: Effect of Catalysts' Acidity, Porosity, and Morphology
4. 27.4 Summary and Outlook
5. References
Chapter 28: Hydrothermal Carbonization and Its Role in Catalysis
1. 28.1 Introduction
2. 28.2 Surfaces of Hydrochar and Possibilities for Catalysis
3. 28.3 Hydrochars as Classical Carbon Supports
4. 28.4 Hydrothermal Carbonization in the Presence of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
5. 28.5 Composite Materials from Hydrothermal Carbonization Carried Out in the Presence of Metal and/or Oxide Precursors
6. 28.6 Hydrochar as Sacrificial Component in Catalyst Synthesis
7. 28.7 Outlook
8. References
Chapter 29: Tailored Porous Catalysts for Esterification Processes in Biofuels Production
1. 29.1 Introduction
2. 29.2 Solid Acid-catalyzed Organic Acid Esterification
3. 29.3 Hydrophobicity Studies
4. 29.4 Influence of Reactor Design and Operating Conditions
5. 29.5 Future Directions
6. Acknowledgments
7. References

Part Three: Nanocatalysis for Environmental Protection and Innovations in Energy Research

Chapter 30: Challenges and Role of Catalysis in CO2 Conversion to Chemicals and Fuels
1. 30.1 Introduction
2. 30.2 Different Ways of CO2 Catalytic Utilization
3. 30.3 Challenges, Outlook, and Perspectives
4. Acknowledgment
5. References
Chapter 31: Water Splitting on Particulate Semiconducting Photocatalysts under Visible Light
1. 31.1 Introduction
2. 31.2 Theory of Water Splitting on a Semiconductor Photocatalyst
3. 31.3 Photocatalyst Material Design for Overall Water Splitting Under Visible Light
4. 31.4 The Complex Perovskite-Type Oxynitride, LaMgxTa1−xO1+3xN2−3x, for Overall Water Splitting Under Visible Light
5. 31.5 Photocatalyst Sheet Devices for Two-Step Excitation Water Splitting
6. 31.6 Summary and Future Prospects
7. Acknowledgment
8. References
Chapter 32: Visible Light Heterogeneous Nanophotocatalysts (From Catalyst Formulation to Air, Water, and Surface Cleaning Application)
1. 32.1 Introduction to Visible Light Active Photocatalysts
2. 32.2 Preparation Methods of Visible Light Responsive Nanophotocatalysts
3. 32.3 Characterization of Nanophotocatalysts: Consolidated and Innovative Techniques
4. 32.4 Innovation in Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Reactors (PR)
5. 32.5 Removal of Pollutants from Water and Wastewater
6. 32.6 Removal of Pollutants from Gas Streams
7. 32.7 Self-Cleaning Surfaces under Visible Light
8. References
Chapter 33: Transferring Knowledge of Electrocatalysis to Photocatalysis: Photocatalytic Water Splitting
1. 33.1 Introduction: Photocatalytic Water Splitting
2. 33.2 Electrolyte Engineering
3. 33.3 Electrocatalytic Performance in Photocatalysis
4. 33.4 Conclusions
5. References
Chapter 34: Integrated Solar Hydrogen Devices: Cell Design and Nanostructured Components in Liquid and Vapor-Phase Water Splitting
1. 34.1 Introduction
2. 34.2 Solar Hydrogen Generators: The Basics
3. 34.3 Design Aspects for Safe and Scalable Solar Hydrogen Generators
4. 34.4 Nanostructured Components in Monolithic Solar Hydrogen Generators
5. 34.5 Vapor-Phase Solar Hydrogen Generators
6. 34.6 Conclusions and Outlook
7. Acknowledgments
8. Abbreviations
9. References
Chapter 35: Nanocatalysis in Solid Oxide Cells
1. 35.1 Introduction
2. 35.2 Nanocatalysts to Promote Electrochemical Reactions in SOCs
3. 35.3 Electrochemical Promotion of Nanodispersed Catalysts
4. 35.4 Conclusion
5. References
Chapter 36: Coproduction of Hydrogen and Chemicals by Electrochemical Reforming of Biomass-Derived Alcohols
1. 36.1 Introduction: Hydrogen Production by Electrochemical Reforming
2. 36.2 The Potential of Biomass-Derived Alcohols in Electrochemical Reforming
3. 36.3 Electrochemical Reforming Cell Performance
4. 36.4 Cogeneration of Valuable Chemicals
5. 36.5 Summary and Future Perspectives
6. References

Part Four: Characterization of Nanocatalysts and Theoretical Methodologies

Chapter 37: Probing Inter- and Intraparticle Heterogeneity at the Micro- and Nanoscale in Solid Catalysts Using Optical Techniques
1. 37.1 Introduction
2. 37.2 UV-Visible Microspectroscopy
3. 37.3 Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques
4. 37.4 Raman Scattering Microspectroscopy Techniques
5. 37.5 General Conclusion and Outlook
6. References
Chapter 38: Investigation of Catalytic Surfaces with Surface-Enhanced Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy
1. 38.1 Introduction
2. 38.2 High Field Solid-State Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP)
3. 38.3 Surface-Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy (SENS)
4. 38.4 SENS of Oxide Supports
5. 38.5 Pd-NHC-, Ir-NHC-Based Materials and γ-Al2O3-Supported Pd Nanoparticle Catalysts for Hydrogenation Reaction
6. 38.6 Rh-Based Catalyst for Cyclopropanation Reaction
7. 38.7 Well-Defined Olefin Metathesis Catalysts
8. 38.8 Lewis Acid Sn-β Zeolites Catalysts
9. 38.9 Conclusion
10. Acknowledgments
11. References
Chapter 39: State-of-the-Art X-Ray Spectroscopy in Catalysis
1. 39.1 Introduction
2. 39.2 X-Ray Absorption and X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy
3. 39.3 Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure, EXAFS
4. 39.4 Selected Examples
5. 39.5 Conclusions
6. Acknowledgments
7. References
Chapter 40: Theoretical Tool Box for a Better Catalytic Understanding
1. 40.1 Introduction
2. 40.2 Modeling the Catalytic Active Site
3. 40.3 General Characteristics of a Heterogeneous-Catalyzed Reaction
4. 40.4 First Principle Chemical Kinetics from Static and Dynamic Calculations
5. 40.5 Complementary Insights from Spectroscopy
6. 40.6 Conclusions and Perspectives
7. Appendix A Chemical Kinetics
8. Appendix B Free Energy and Partition Function in Statistical Physics
9. Acknowledgments
10. References

Index

End User License Agreement

List of Illustrations

Figure 1.1

Figure 1.2

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Figure 21.1

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Scheme 25.16

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Figure 40.21

Further Volumes of the Series “Nanotechnology Innovation & Applications”

Axelos, M. A. V., Van de Voorde, M. (eds.)

Nanotechnology in Agriculture and Food Science

2017

Print ISBN: 9783527339891

Cornier, J., Kwade, A., Owen, A., Van de Voorde, M. (eds.)

Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology

Innovation and Production

2017

Print ISBN: 9783527340545

Fermon, C. and Van de Voorde, M. (eds.)

Nanomagnetism

Applications and Perspectives

2017

Print ISBN: 9783527339853

Mansfield, E., Kaiser, D. L:, Fujita, D., Van de Voorde, M. (eds.)

Metrology and Standardization of Nanotechnology

Protocols and Industrial Innovations

2017

Print ISBN: 9783527340392

Meyrueis, P., Sakoda, K., Van de Voorde, M. (eds.)

Micro- and Nanophotonic Technologies

2017

Print ISBN: 9783527340378

Müller, B., Van de Voorde, M. (eds.)

Nanoscience and Nanotechnology for Human Health

2017

Print ISBN: 978-3-527-33860-3

Puers, R., Baldi, L., Van de Voorde, M., van Nooten, S. E. (eds.)

Nanoelectronics

Materials, Devices, Applications

2017

Print ISBN: 9783527340538

Raj, B., Van de Voorde, M., Mahajan, Y. (eds.)

Nanotechnology for Energy Sustainability

2017

Print ISBN: 9783527340149

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Series Editor Preface

Since years, nanoscience and nanotechnology have become particularly an important technology areas worldwide. As a result, there are many universities that offer courses as well as degrees in nanotechnology. Many governments including European institutions and research agencies have vast nanotechnology programmes and many companies file nanotechnology-related patents to protect their innovations. In short, nanoscience is a hot topic!

Nanoscience started in the physics field with electronics as a forerunner, quickly followed by the chemical and pharmacy industries. Today, nanotechnology finds interests in all branches of research and industry worldwide. In addition, governments and consumers are also keen to follow the developments, particularly from a safety and security point of view.

This books series fills the gap between books that are available on various specific topics and the encyclopedias on nanoscience. This well-selected series of books consists of volumes that are all edited by experts in the field from all over the world and assemble top-class contributions. The topical scope of the book is broad, ranging from nanoelectronics and nanocatalysis to nanometrology. Common to all the books in the series is that they represent top-notch research and are highly application-oriented, innovative, and relevant for industry. Finally they collect a valuable source of information on safety aspects for governments, consumer agencies and the society.

The titles of the volumes in the series are as follows:

Human-related nanoscience and nanotechnology

Nanoscience and Nanotechnology for Human Health
Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology in Agriculture and Food Science

Nanoscience and nanotechnology in information and communication

Nanoelectronics
Micro- and Nanophotonic Technologies
Nanomagnetism: Perspectives and Applications

Nanoscience and nanotechnology in industry

Nanotechnology for Energy Sustainability
Metrology and Standardization of Nanomaterials
Nanotechnology in Catalysis: Applications in the Chemical Industry, Energy Development, and Environmental Protection

The book series appeals to a wide range of readers with backgrounds in physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine, from students at universities to scientists at institutes, in industrial companies and government agencies and ministries.

Ever since nanoscience was introduced many years ago, it has greatly changed our lives – and will continue to do so!

March 2016

Marcel Van de Voorde

About the Series Editor

Marcel Van de Voorde, Prof. Dr. ir. Ing. Dr. h.c., has 40 years' experience in European Research Organisations, including CERN-Geneva and the European Commission, with 10 years at the Max Planck Institute for Metals Research, Stuttgart. For many years, he was involved in research and research strategies, policy, and management, especially in European research institutions.

He has been a member of many Research Councils and Governing Boards of research institutions across Europe, the United States, and Japan. In addition to his Professorship at the University of Technology in Delft, the Netherlands, he holds multiple visiting professorships in Europe and worldwide. He holds a doctor honoris causa and various honorary professorships.

He is a senator of the European Academy for Sciences and Arts, Salzburg, and Fellow of the World Academy for Sciences. He is a member of the Science Council of the French Senate/National Assembly in Paris. He has also provided executive advisory services to presidents, ministers of science policy, rectors of Universities, and CEOs of technology institutions, for example, to the president and CEO of IMEC, Technology Centre in Leuven, Belgium. He is also a Fellow of various scientific societies. He has been honored by the Belgian King and European authorities, for example, he received an award for European merits in Luxemburg given by the former President of the European Commission. He is author of multiple scientific and technical publications and has coedited multiple books, especially in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology.

Foreword

At present the world is facing enormous problems concerning climate, energy, environment, and food and is waiting for solutions provided by technology, in particular chemistry. Catalysis is the motor for chemical transformations; for technical applications, it is mostly heterogeneous catalysis where the processes occur at the surfaces of solids. Since for a given quantity of material the accessible surface area increases with decreasing particle size, catalyst particles exhibit typically dimensions in the nanometer range, and catalysis has been a nanotechnology already long before this term was introduced. The controlled preparation, stabilization, and characterization of well-defined nanoparticles is hence one of the important tasks of research. The electronic and thereby chemical properties of very small particles may differ considerably from those of the bulk material, leading to altered catalytic properties as shown, for example, by gold and impressively demonstrated in Chapter 2 by Masatake Haruta. An alternative possibility consists in the use of porous bodies, as, for example, offered by the large family of zeolites and related compounds that are widely used in industrial applications.

This book presents a series of contributions from experts of the field reflecting the current state of the art and demonstrating the potential of nanocatalysis for a number of practical applications. It will therefore be of considerable value for those interested in the development of this area.

Gerhard Ertl

Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Berlin

Foreword

A View from the Ridge: Catalysis in a Modern Society

Today's inspection of bookshelves with catalysis books in a traditional science library or of databases with catalysis review collections shows a pleiad of keywords covering almost every aspect of modern science. A personal selection of keywords in the area of (heterogeneous) catalysis looks as follows:

principles and practice, fundamentals and applications, experiment and theory;
basis, concepts and applications;
(challenges in) design, synthesis, characterization, modeling, application;
surface chemistry, solid-state chemistry, in situ spectroscopy and characterization;
combinatorial chemistry; photochemistry, electrochemistry, kinetics, modeling, stereochemistry, dynamics; environmental chemistry, synthetic chemistry, materials science;
fine chemicals synthesis, fuels, industrial feedstock, biomass, energy applications, sustainable and clean technology.

Thus, it seems that at the end of the 2nd millennium, catalysis research was making effective use of many major advances offered by progress in various areas of science. Catalysis, and in particular heterogeneous catalysis, appeared as a truly multidisciplinary science that was profoundly affecting in a positive way environment and daily activities. In combination with modern materials science, very advanced materials were designed, applicable as catalysts in many petrochemical, chemical, and fine chemical sustainable industrial processes. As a result, catalysis was susceptible for being defined as a mature science.

An overview of the science and technology of heterogeneous catalysis at the end of the 1990s culminated in the publication of an impressive standard work denoted as Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis, published by the present science editor (scientific eds. G. Ertl, H. Knözinger, F. Schüth, and J. Weitkamp, 2nd edition). It covered all aspects of heterogeneous catalysis ranging from physical and physicochemical concepts to large-scale process technology.

Although the catalytic community of research scientists usually picks up quickly breakthroughs from other scientific domains, and the scientific literature at the end of previous century already showed clear awareness of the potential use of nanosciences for advancement in (heterogeneous) catalysis, today's revolution caused by nanotechnology in catalysis among many other domains was not fully and explicitly realized.

Nanoheterogeneous Catalysis in a Sustainable Society

In the traditional heterogeneous catalysis of the twentieth century, microsized and microstructured objects of catalyst entities were determining activity and selectivity. Enhanced strength of Brønsted acid sites is encountered in solids with regular microporosity. The deposition of metal clusters on supports gave rise to the concept of structure-sensitive and structure-insensitive reactions, depending on the size, morphology, and surface properties of (noble) metal particles.

The many reviews in the area invariably show that the aim of nanomaterials science in the past few decades has been related to the control of size, shape, structure, morphology, and composition of matter, leading to nanoproducts with a high degree of perfection. Therefore, selective implementation of nanoconcepts into catalyst design and preparation strategies should show significant advances in the design, synthesis, and characterization of catalytic nanomaterials. Obviously, this transfer of concepts will help to settle major standing issues in catalysis for a sustainable society, such as preparation of novel catalyst compositions with enhanced/superior potential for alternative chemicals production and alternative feedstock conversion, for achieving a sustainable energy future, and for environment protection.

Inspection of search results in a science database for the nanocatalysis concept (SciFinder, January 24, 2017) yielded from 2000 onward 472 hits in English written books and reviews. A similar search for specific research papers and patents up to 2000 amounted to only 12 hits, while from 2000 onward a total number of 7001 documents appeared. When the concepts of nanotechnology and catalysis are closely coupled in a similar database search, in total some 5400 reviews show up, of which 536 were published recently, that is, later than 2015.

Many typical topics concerning properties of nanomaterials for biomass conversion, energy, and environmental processing appear, resulting in newly structured materials with unprecedented properties allowing us to achieve hyperselectivity in many catalytic reactions. A personal grasp in the many available topics points to the high potential of nanocatalysts with mono- and multimetal sites, for selective conversion of hydrocarbons and biomass components, newly designed photocatalytic materials in energy (carrier) conversions:

crystal structure and morphology control of nanoparticles for designing catalysts; control of size, shape, composition, and surface properties of nanometal catalysts
support-induced enhancement, and size and shape control of catalytic properties of (precious) monometallic nanoparticle catalysts; lifetime and reactivity increase using atomic layer overcoating of metal nanoparticles; integration of nanocatalysts with multicomponent and hierarchically complex structures
copper-based nanoparticles for multicomponent reactions; structure sensitivity of Au in environmental catalysis
photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis for water splitting; photo-oxidation with nanosized semiconductors; functional nanostructures for catalysis; nanocatalysts for solar hydrogen
concepts of photodeposition for preparation of catalytic nanoparticles on semiconductors
noble metal nanocatalysts on metal oxide-based supports for (low temperature) fuel cell applications
atomically precise nanoclusters

It is understandable that the present editors, given their activity as catalyst researcher and science policy maker, respectively, felt the necessity of bringing this abundant information together in an easily digestible format. I am pleased to be able to express my personal appreciation for this initiative and I am looking forward to get fully acquainted with the detailed content of this new three-volume handbook in catalysis.

Pierre Jacobs

Honorary Professor
Faculty of Bio-Engineering
KU Leuven
Belgium
January 25, 2017

Further Volumes of the Series “Nanotechnology Innovation & Applications”

Nanotechnology in Catalysis

Applications in the Chemical Industry, Energy Development, and Environment Protection

Series Editor Preface

About the Series Editor

Foreword

Foreword

A View from the Ridge: Catalysis in a Modern Society

Nanoheterogeneous Catalysis in a Sustainable Society

Part One
Preparation of Nanocatalysts and Their Potential in Catalysis