Biomedical Applications of Polymeric Materials and Composites
Related Titles
Bagchi, D., Bagchi, M., Moriyama, H., Fereidoon, S. (eds.)
Bio-Nanotechnology – A Revolution in Food, Biomedical and Health Sciences
2013
Print ISBN: 978-0-470-67037-8
WOL obook PDF ISBN: 978-1-118-45191-5
eMobi ISBN: 978-1-118-45192-2
ePub ISBN: 978-1-118-45193-9
Adobe PDF ISBN: 978-1-118-45194-6
Smela, E.E., Carpi, F.F. (eds.)
Biomedical Applications of Electroactive PolymerActuators
2009
Print ISBN: 978-0-470-77305-5
Adobe PDF ISBN: 978-0-470-74468-0
ISBN: 978-0-470-74469-7
Narain, R. (ed.)
Chemistry of Bioconjugates
Synthesis, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications
2014
Print ISBN: 978-1-118-35914-3
WOL obook PDF ISBN: 978-1-118-77588-2
ePub ISBN: 978-1-118-77637-7
Adobe PDF ISBN: 978-1-118-77640-7
Kabasci, S. (ed.)
Bio-based Plastics – Materials and Applications
2014
Print ISBN: 978-1-119-99400-8
eMobi ISBN: 978-1-118-67662-2
ISBN: 978-1-118-67664-6
ePub ISBN: 978-1-118-67673-8
Adobe PDF ISBN: 978-1-118-67678-3
Kumar, C.S. (ed.)
Biofunctionalization of Nanomaterials
2015
Print ISBN: 978-3-527-31381-5
Taubert, A., Mano, J.F., Rodríguez-Cabello, J.C. (eds.)
Biomaterials Surface Science
2013
Print ISBN: 978-3-527-33031-7
ISBN: 978-3-527-64960-0
eMobi ISBN: 978-3-527-64961-7
ePub ISBN: 978-3-527-64962-4
Adobe PDF ISBN: 978-3-527-64963-1
Zhao, Y., Shen, Y. (eds.)
Biomedical Nanomaterials
2016
Print ISBN: 978-3-527-33798-9
WOL obook PDF ISBN: 978-3-527-69439-6
ePub ISBN: 978-3-527-69441-9
eMobi ISBN: 978-3-527-69442-6
Adobe PDF ISBN: 978-3-527-69443-3
Deng, T. (ed.)
Bioinspired Engineering of Thermal Materials
2016
Print ISBN: 978-3-527-33834-4
WOL obook PDF ISBN: 978-3-527-68759-6
ePub ISBN: 978-3-527-68761-9
eMobi ISBN: 978-3-527-68764-0
Adobe PDF ISBN: 978-3-527-68765-7
Pompe, W., Rödel, G., Weiss, H., Mertig, M.
Bio-Nanomaterials
Designing materials inspired by nature
2013
Print ISBN: 978-3-527-41015-6
ISBN: 978-3-527-65526-7
eMobi ISBN: 978-3-527-65527-4
ePub ISBN: 978-3-527-65528-1
Adobe PDF ISBN: 978-3-527-65529-8
Kargarzadeh, H., Ahmad, I., Thomas, S., Dufresne, A. (eds.)
Handbook of Cellulose Nanocomposites
2016
Print ISBN: 978-3-527-33866-5
WOL obook PDF ISBN: 978-3-527-68997-2
Adobe PDF ISBN: 978-3-527-68998-9
ePub ISBN: 978-3-527-68999-6
eMobi ISBN: 978-3-527-69004-6
Jawaid, M., Faruq, M. (eds.)
Nanocellulose and Nanohydrogel Matrices
Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications
2017
Print ISBN: 978-3-527-34172-6
Adobe PDF ISBN: 978-3-527-80382-8
WOL obook PDF ISBN: 978-3-527-80383-5
eMobi ISBN: 978-3-527-80384-2
ePub ISBN: 978-3-527-80385-9
Editors
Prof. Raju Francis
Mahatma Gandhi University
School of Chemical Sciences
Priyadarsini Hills
686560 Kottayam
Kerala
India
Prof. D. Sakthi Kumar
Toyo University
Bio Nano Electronics Research Center
350-858 Kawagoe
Japan
Cover:
Getty Images, Medical Art Inc.
All books published by Wiley-VCH are carefully produced. Nevertheless, authors, editors, and publisher do not warrant the information contained in these books, including this book, to be free of errors. Readers are advised to keep in mind that statements, data, illustrations, procedural details or other items may inadvertently be inaccurate.
Library of Congress Card No.: applied for
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek
The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at <http://dnb.d-nb.de>.
All rights reserved (including those of translation into other languages). No part of this book may be reproduced in any form – by photoprinting, microfilm, or any other means – nor transmitted or translated into a machine language without written permission from the publishers. Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this book, even when not specifically marked as such, are not to be considered unprotected by law.
Print ISBN: 978-3-527-33836-8
ePDF ISBN: 978-3-527-69094-7
ePub ISBN: 978-3-527-69092-3
Mobi ISBN: 978-3-527-69093-0
oBook ISBN: 978-3-527-69091-6
Preface
Natural and synthetic polymer materials and composites are extensively used as biomaterials for various biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, implantable devices, drug delivery, gene delivery, bioimaging, and so on. Advances in polymer chemistry have allowed the creation of a wide range of biomaterials based on polymers and composites for different biomedical applications according to the nature of their use. The versatility and ease of modification of the chemical, physical, surface, and biomimetic properties of polymers have made them very much dear to the researchers working in the biomedical field. Applications of biomaterials have led to the development of polymers that are biocompatible, biodegradable, and/or resorbable.
A variety of research results are published almost daily on polymers and composites by enhancing their properties as biomaterials to meet the ongoing and evolving challenges in the biomedical field. This book, Biomedical Applications of Polymeric Materials and Composites, is intended to update and provide detailed information to students, technicians, researchers, scientists, and teachers working in the biomedical field by taking the contents only from the very latest results and presenting an extensive summary of the various polymeric materials used in biomedical applications.
This book consists of 12 Chapters.
Chapter 1, “Biomaterials for biomedical applications,” provides an introduction to the various biomaterials currently used in biomedical applications. Selection of the appropriate biomaterials plays a key role in the design and development of the biomedical product. Nowadays, the strategy for biomaterials to be used as biomedical devices is that they should be biocompatible and must elicit a desirable cellular response to harness control over cellular interactions during its usage. This chapter provides detailed information on the current approach for developing biomaterials that can create cellular response by including protein growth factors, anti-inflammatory drugs, gene delivery vectors, and other bioactive vectors. Polymers are generally known to be insulating materials; however, it has been discovered that some polymers can be conductors and semiconductors. Chapter 2, “Conducting polymers – An introduction,” provides information on conducting polymers, as these polymers can be used for different applications in biomedical devices. Chapter 3, “Conducting Polymers: Biomedical Applications,” details the importance of using conducting biopolymers in the biomedical field and provides information of various biopolymers that are used in this field.
Chapter 4, “Plasma-assisted fabrication and processing of biomaterials,” provides information on low-temperature plasma-assisted methods to fabricate and modify the surface of biomaterials. Plasma is also used for sterilization and disease management. Chapter 5, “Smart electroactive polymers and composite materials,” describes such materials. Upon application of an electric voltage, the shape of some polymeric materials can be modified, which can be used as actuators and sensors. Because of their similarities with some biological tissues based on the achievable stress and force, these polymers can be used as artificial muscles. Chapter 6, “Synthetic polymer hydrogels,” provides information of some of the rapidly developing groups of materials that find applications in many fields such as pharmacy, medicine, and agriculture. Chapter 7, “Hydrophilic polymers,” describes various natural, synthetic, and semisynthetic hydrophilic polymers. These types of polymers have the lion's share of applications in the field of biomaterials.
Chapter 8 describes the “Properties of stimuli-responsive polymers.” These types of polymers are the most exciting and emerging class of materials, and have the ability to respond to external stimuli such as temperature, pH, ionic strength, light, and electric and magnetic fields. Since these materials can respond to external stimuli, they find many applications in the biomedical field. Chapter 9, “Stimuli-responsive polymers: Biomedical applications,” provides details about various polymers that find applications in the biomedical field based on their stimuli-responsive properties. This interesting property has enabled the development of smart systems that are useful in bioimaging, sensing (diagnosis), controlled drug delivery, regenerative medicine (therapy), bioseparation, gating valves for transport, and microfluidics. Chapter 10, “Functionally engineered sol–gel inorganic gels and hybrid nanostructures for biomedical applications,” describes nanostructured inorganic gels, mostly metal oxide gels and hybrid nanoarchitectures developed through sol–gel synthesis, and their various biomedical applications.
Chapter 11, “Relevance of Natural Degradable Polymers in the Biomedical field,” highlights the importance of natural degradable polymers for biomedical applications. In modern medicine, natural degradable polymers have their own indisputable place, particularly in drug delivery applications, because they degrade after serving their specific roles. Natural degradable polymers alone cannot meet the demand for applications in the biomedical field. Therefore, with the help of modern chemistry, many biodegradable synthetic polymers have been developed with a wide range of applications such as sutures, implants, drug delivery vehicles, and so on. A variety of synthetic methods have allowed the development of many polymers that meet the functional demands and materials with the desired physical, chemical, biological, biochemical, and degradation properties. Chapter 12, “Synthetic biodegradable polymers for Medical and Clinical Applications,” is included to describe the various synthetic degradable polymers that find interesting applications in the biomedical field.
We believe that this book provides in-depth discussions and details on the polymers and their composites that have applications in the biomedical field based on recent research results in this magnificent field. Throughout the book, we have focused on recent applications, with worked examples and case studies for training purposes, which will serve the purpose of this book, that is, to update students, technicians, researchers, scientists, and teachers who work in the biomedical field.
We express our sincere thanks and appreciation to the 20 scientists for contributing chapters to this book and their constant cooperation from submission of the first drafts to revision and final fine-tuning of their chapters commensurate with the reviews. We extend our appreciation to our respective host institutions, namely Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, India, and Toyo University, Japan, for their encouragement and support.
Finally, we wish to extend our thanks to Wiley-VCH and all their staff involved in the publication and promotion of this book, which will hopefully be useful to those working in the biomedical field.
Raju Francis D. Sakthi Kumar
India
Japan
18 July 2016
List of Contributors
Surjith Alancherry
James Cook University
College of Science
Technology and Engineering
James Cook Drive
Townsville, QLD 4811
Australia
Solaiappan Ananthakumar
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Functional Materials Section Materials Science and Technology Division (MSTD)
Thiruvananthapuram 695019
Kerala
India
Deepa K. Baby
Rajagiri School of Engineering and Technology
Department of Basic science and Humanities
Rajagiri Valley
Kakkanad, Kochi 682039
Kerala
India
Kateryna Bazaka
James Cook University
College of Science
Technology and Engineering
James Cook Drive
Townsville, QLD 4811
Australia
and
Queensland University of Technology
Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation
Brisbane, QLD 4000
Australia
Brahatheeswaran Dhandayuthapani
Toyo University
BioNano Electronics Research Centre
Kawagoe
Saitama 3508585
Japan
and
Collaborative Research and Education Program
Nanoscale Research Facility
Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi
Hauz Khaz 110016
Delhi
India
Joby Eldho
R&D Deposition Materials
EMD Performance Materials
1429 Hilldale Avenue
Haverhill, MA 01832
USA
Harikrishna Erothu
Aston University
Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry
Aston Triangle
Birmingham
West Midlands B4 7ET
UK
Raju Francis
Mahatma Gandhi University
School of Chemical Sciences
Priyadarshini Hills
Kottayam 686560
Kerala
India
J. Mary Gladis
Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology
Department of Chemistry Valiamala
Thiruvananthapuram 695547
India
Geethy P. Gopalan
Mahatma Gandhi University
School of Chemical Sciences
Priyadarshini Hills
Kottayam 686560
Kerala
India
Daniel S. Grant
James Cook University
College of Science, Technology and Engineering
James Cook Drive
Townsville, QLD 4811
Australia
Mohan V. Jacob
James Cook University
College of Science, Technology and Engineering
James Cook Drive
Townsville, QLD 4811
Australia
Nidhin Joy
Mahatma Gandhi University
School of Chemical Sciences
Priyadarshini Hills
Kottayam 686560
Kerala
India
Anitha C. Kumar
Acharya Nagarjuna University
Department of Chemistry
Nagarjuna Nagar
Guntur 522510
Andhra Pradesh
India
and
Aston University
Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry
Aston Triangle
Birmingham
West Midlands B4 7ET
UK
Dasappan Sakthi kumar
Toyo University
BioNano Electronics Research Centre
Kawagoe
Saitama 3508585
Japan
and
Collaborative Research and Education Program
Nanoscale Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi
Hauz Khaz 110016
Delhi
India
Vazhayal Linsha
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Functional Materials Section
Materials Science and Technology Division (MSTD)
Thiruvananthapuram 695019
Kerala
India
Kallyadan Veettil Mahesh
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Functional Materials Section, Materials Science and Technology Division (MSTD)
Thiruvananthapuram 695019
Kerala
India
T.P.D. Rajan
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Materials Science and Technology Division