Details

<p>Foreword ix</p> <p>Preface x</p> <p>Acknowledgements xii</p> <p>Abbreviations xiii</p> <p>Advice xx</p> <p><b>Respiratory 1</b></p> <p>Clinical mark sheet 1</p> <p>Respiratory exam – general advice 2</p> <p>Pulmonary fibrosis 4</p> <p>Bronchiectasis 5</p> <p>Old tuberculosis 6</p> <p>Surgical respiratory cases 7</p> <p>Chronic obstructive airways disease 8</p> <p>Pleural effusion 10</p> <p>Lung cancer 12</p> <p>Cystic fibrosis 14</p> <p>Pneumonia 15</p> <p>Pulmonary hypertension 17</p> <p><b>Cardiology 19</b></p> <p>Clinical mark sheet 19</p> <p>Cardiology exam – general advice 20</p> <p>Aortic stenosis 22</p> <p>Aortic incompetence 25</p> <p>Mitral stenosis 27</p> <p>Mitral incompetence 29</p> <p>Tricuspid incompetence 31</p> <p>Pulmonary stenosis 32</p> <p>Prosthetic valves: aortic and mitral 33</p> <p>Implantable devices 35</p> <p>Constrictive pericarditis 36</p> <p>Common Congenital Defects 38</p> <p>Atrial septal defect 38</p> <p>Ventricular septal defect 39</p> <p>Associations with Congenital VSD 40</p> <p>1. Fallot’s tetralogy 40</p> <p>2. Coarctation 40</p> <p>3. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) 40</p> <p>Hypertrophic (obstructive) cardiomyopathy 42</p> <p>Heart failure 44</p> <p><b>Neurology 46</b></p> <p>Clinical mark sheet 46</p> <p>Neurology exam – general advice 47</p> <p>Dystrophia myotonica 51</p> <p>Cerebellar syndrome 53</p> <p>Multiple sclerosis 54</p> <p>Stroke 56</p> <p>Spastic legs (i.e. spinal cord lesion) 59</p> <p>Syringomyelia 61</p> <p>Motor neurone disease 63</p> <p>Parkinson’s disease 64</p> <p>Hereditary motor sensory neuropathy aka Charcot–Marie–Tooth 66</p> <p>Friedreich’s ataxia 67</p> <p>Facial weakness 68</p> <p>Myasthenia gravis 70</p> <p>Tuberous sclerosis 71</p> <p>Neurofibromatosis 72</p> <p>Abnormal pupils 73</p> <p>Horner’s pupil 73</p> <p>Holmes–Adie (myotonic) pupil 73</p> <p>Argyll Robertson pupil 74</p> <p>Oculomotor (III) nerve palsy 74</p> <p>Optic atrophy 75</p> <p>Retinal Pathology 77</p> <p>Age-related macular degeneration 77</p> <p>Retinitis pigmentosa 78</p> <p>Retinal artery occlusion 79</p> <p>Retinal vein occlusion 79</p> <p><b>Abdominal 80</b></p> <p>Clinical mark sheet 80</p> <p>Abdominal exam – general advice 81</p> <p>Chronic liver disease and hepatomegaly 83</p> <p>Haemochromatosis 86</p> <p>Splenomegaly 88</p> <p>Renal enlargement 90</p> <p>The liver transplant patient 92</p> <p>The renal patient 93</p> <p><b>Communication 95</b></p> <p>Clinical mark sheet 95</p> <p>Communication station – general advice 96</p> <p>Ethics and Law in Medicine 97</p> <p>Contents vii</p> <p>Principles of medical ethics 97</p> <p>Competency and consent 98</p> <p>Legal aspects 98</p> <p>Confidentiality 101</p> <p>End-of-life decisions 102</p> <p>Types of Communication 104</p> <p>Information delivery 104</p> <p>Breaking bad news 105</p> <p>Dealing with a difficult patient 106</p> <p>Worked Examples 108</p> <p>Duty of candour/medical mistake 108</p> <p>Advanced care planning 108</p> <p>Needlestick injury 110</p> <p>Epilepsy 111</p> <p>Huntington’s chorea 111</p> <p>Paracetamol overdose 112</p> <p>Brain-stem death and organ donation 113</p> <p>Non-compliant diabetic 115</p> <p>Vaccination compliance 116</p> <p>Shared decision making 117</p> <p>Sample questions for self-directed learning 119</p> <p><b>Consultations 120</b></p> <p>Clinical mark sheet 120</p> <p>Consultation – general advice 121</p> <p>Chest pain 122</p> <p>Pericarditis with effusion 124</p> <p>Atrial fibrillation 125</p> <p>Hypertension 127</p> <p>Eisenmenger’s syndrome 130</p> <p>Ataxia 131</p> <p>Headache 132</p> <p>Altered conscious state 135</p> <p>Syncope 137</p> <p>Worsening mobility 139</p> <p>Fall and a fragility fracture 141</p> <p>Dyspnoea – asthma 142</p> <p>Dyspnoea – acute pulmonary embolus 144</p> <p>Haemoptysis 146</p> <p>Persistent fever 148</p> <p>Anaemia 151</p> <p>Sickle cell disease 153</p> <p>Glandular fever 155</p> <p>Nephrotic syndrome 157</p> <p>Jaundice 159</p> <p>Inflammatory bowel disease 161</p> <p>Infectious (traveller’s) diarrhoea 164</p> <p>Swollen calf 166</p> <p>Leg ulcers 168</p> <p>Red rashes 170</p> <p>Skin malignancy 174</p> <p>Skin and hyperextensible joints 176</p> <p>Rheumatoid arthritis 178</p> <p>Systemic lupus erythematosus 181</p> <p>Systemic sclerosis 183</p> <p>Ankylosing spondylitis 185</p> <p>Marfan’s syndrome 186</p> <p>Paget’s disease 188</p> <p>Other joint problems 189</p> <p>Hypercalcaemia 191</p> <p>Diabetes and complications 192</p> <p>General diabetes questions 192</p> <p>Diabetes and the skin 192</p> <p>Diabetic retinopathy 194</p> <p>Hyperthyroidism and Graves’ disease 197</p> <p>Hypothyroidism 199</p> <p>Amenorrhoea 201</p> <p>Acromegaly 203</p> <p>Cushing’s syndrome 205</p> <p>Addison’s disease 208</p> <p>Index 210</p>

<p><b>Stephen Hoole</b> is a Consultant Cardiologist, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK. <p><b>Andrew Fry</b> is a Consultant in Acute Medicine and Nephrology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK. <p><b>Rachel Davies</b> is a Consultant Respiratory Physician, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.

<p><b>Comprehensive Study Resource That Helps Readers Pass the PACES Exam</b> <p>Concise and ideal for quick reference, <i>Cases for PACES</i> is the perfect resource for MRCP PACES preparation in the run-up to the examination. Its full-colour one-page case study format matches the style of the exam and lets you quickly read up on all the most common cases to ensure you will be prepared. <p>The authors’ experience in learning and teaching PACES is condensed to provide exactly what is needed to pass. The informal writing style means <i>Cases for PACES</i> is also ideal for self-directed learning in groups. The book will help readers hone their clinical skills and boost their confidence levels throughout their revision time. Study resources covered in the book include: <ul><li>Information pertaining to all five stations: respiratory, abdominal system examination with communication, cardiovascular and neurology system examination, and two consultations </li><li>Revised, updated and new cases on all the most common topics in the exam</li><li>Aligned to the new exam format which was introduced in 2023</li></ul> <p>For MRCP candidates and final-year medical students, <i>Cases for PACES</i> is an accessible learning resource to gain a foundational mastery over all topics included in the PACES exam.

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