Details

<p>Contributing Authors xiii</p> <p>Preface xv</p> <p>Acknowledgements xix</p> <p>About the Cover Artist xix</p> <p>About the Author xxi</p> <p>About the Companion Website xxiii</p> <p><b>1 Introduction to environmental engineering and problem solving 1</b><br /> <i>André J. Butler</i></p> <p>Learning Objectives 1</p> <p>1.1 History of environmental engineering 1</p> <p>1.2 Significant national and international environmental concerns 10</p> <p>1.3 Prominent federal environmental statues – an overview 10</p> <p>1.4 An approach to problem solving: a six-step method 15</p> <p>1.5 Data collection, analysis, interpretation, and communication 18</p> <p>Summary 38</p> <p>Key words 40</p> <p>References 40</p> <p>Problems 41</p> <p><b>2 Essential chemistry concepts 43</b><br /> <i>Richard O. Mines, Jr.</i></p> <p>Learning Objectives 43</p> <p>2.1 Introduction 43</p> <p>2.2 Dimensions, units, and conversions 43</p> <p>2.3 Balancing reactions 50</p> <p>2.4 Oxidation-reduction reactions 52</p> <p>2.5 Thermodynamic equilibrium 53</p> <p>2.6 Acid-base chemistry 60</p> <p>2.7 Solubility (solubility product) 82</p> <p>2.8 Gas phase laws 84</p> <p>2.9 Organic chemistry overview 89</p> <p>Summary 95</p> <p>Key words 99</p> <p>References 99</p> <p>Problems 99</p> <p><b>3 Water and wastewater characteristics 103</b><br /> <i>Richard O. Mines, Jr.</i></p> <p>Learning Objectives 103</p> <p>3.1 Overview 103</p> <p>3.2 Water quality parameters 103</p> <p>3.3 Lumped parameter organic quantification 104</p> <p>3.4 Physical parameters 110</p> <p>3.5 Inorganic chemical parameters 116</p> <p>3.6 Biological and microbiological characteristics 129</p> <p>3.7 Sample water quality data 133</p> <p>Summary 135</p> <p>Key words 136</p> <p>References 136</p> <p>Problems 137</p> <p><b>4 Essential biology concepts 139</b><br /> <i>Richard O. Mines, Jr.</i></p> <p>Learning Objectives 139</p> <p>4.1 Introduction to microbiological unit processes 139</p> <p>4.2 Cell basics 140</p> <p>4.3 Energy and synthesis (carbon and energy transformations) 140</p> <p>4.4 Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetics 149</p> <p>4.5 Introduction to ecology 153</p> <p>4.6 Primary productivity 155</p> <p>4.7 Introduction to biochemical cycles 160</p> <p>4.8 Population dynamics 169</p> <p>4.9 River water quality management 178</p> <p>4.10 Limnology 184</p> <p>Summary 188</p> <p>Key words 189</p> <p>References 190</p> <p>Problems 191</p> <p><b>5 Environmental systems: modeling and reactor design 195</b><br /> <i>Richard O. Mines, Jr.</i></p> <p>Learning Objectives 195</p> <p>5.1 Introduction 195</p> <p>5.2 Material balances 195</p> <p>5.3 Reaction kinetics 202</p> <p>5.4 Flow regimes and reactors 209</p> <p>5.5 Energy balances 218</p> <p>Summary 232</p> <p>Key words 232</p> <p>References 232</p> <p>Problems 233</p> <p><b>6 Design of water treatment systems 239</b><br /> <i>Richard O. Mines, Jr.</i></p> <p>Learning Objectives 239</p> <p>6.1 Drinking water standards 239</p> <p>6.2 Overview of typical processes used for contaminant removal 245</p> <p>6.3 Design flows and capacities 247</p> <p>6.4 Preliminary treatment 249</p> <p>6.5 Mixing, coagulation, and flocculation 258</p> <p>6.6 Water softening 267</p> <p>6.7 Sedimentation 276</p> <p>6.8 Filtration 283</p> <p>6.9 Membrane treatment 293</p> <p>6.10 Fluoridation 303</p> <p>6.11 Disinfection in water treatment 303</p> <p>6.12 Residuals, solids, and quantities of sludge 310</p> <p>Summary 322</p> <p>Key words 324</p> <p>References 324</p> <p>Problems 325</p> <p><b>7 Design of wastewater treatment systems 331</b><br /> <i>Richard O. Mines, Jr.</i></p> <p>Learning Objectives 331</p> <p>7.1 Wastewater standards 331</p> <p>7.2 Design flows and loadings 333</p> <p>7.3 Preliminary treatment 340</p> <p>7.4 Primary sedimentation 345</p> <p>7.5 Secondary wastewater treatment 348</p> <p>7.6 Oxygen transfer and mixing 375</p> <p>7.7 Attached-growth biological systems 381</p> <p>7.8 Advanced biological treatment systems 388</p> <p>7.9 Secondary clarification 401</p> <p>7.10 Disinfection 408</p> <p>7.11 Solids handling and treatment systems 411</p> <p>Summary 434</p> <p>Key words 435</p> <p>References 436</p> <p>Bibliography 438</p> <p>Problems 438</p> <p><b>8 Municipal solid waste management 449</b><br /> <i>Philip T. McCreanor</i></p> <p>Learning Objectives 449</p> <p>8.1 Introduction 449</p> <p>8.2 Regulations 450</p> <p>8.3 Waste generation – international perspectives 451</p> <p>8.4 Waste generation in the United States 451</p> <p>8.5 Waste composition 451</p> <p>8.6 Properties of municipal solid waste 456</p> <p>8.6.1 Specific weight () 456</p> <p>8.6.2 Moisture content 457</p> <p>8.6.3 Field capacity 458</p> <p>8.7 Municipal landfill design 461</p> <p>8.8 Case study –Mecklenburg County, North Carolina (NC), USA 473</p> <p>Summary 475</p> <p>Key words 476</p> <p>References 476</p> <p>Problems 476</p> <p><b>9 Air pollution 479</b><br /> <i>Arthur B. Nunn, III</i></p> <p>Learning Objectives 479</p> <p>9.1 Principal air pollutants 479</p> <p>9.2 Air pollution sources 481</p> <p>9.3 Pollutant affects on humans and environment 484</p> <p>9.4 Air pollution meteorology 488</p> <p>9.5 Dispersion modeling 490</p> <p>9.6 Air pollution control technologies 493</p> <p>9.7 Indoor Air Pollution 514</p> <p>Summary 514</p> <p>Key words 515</p> <p>References 515</p> <p>Useful Websites 516</p> <p>Problems 516</p> <p><b>10 Environmental sustainability 519</b><br /> <i>John C. Little and Zhe Liu</i></p> <p>Learning Objectives 519</p> <p>10.1 Overview 519</p> <p>10.2 Unsustainable earth 521</p> <p>10.3 Addressing climate change 527</p> <p>10.4 Addressing resource depletion and environmental degradation 541</p> <p>Key words 550</p> <p>References 550</p> <p>Problems 551</p> <p><b>11 Environmental public health 555</b><br /> <i>Peter Vikesland</i></p> <p>Learning Objectives 555</p> <p>11.1 Introduction 555</p> <p>11.2 Toxicology 556</p> <p>11.3 Epidemiology 567</p> <p>11.4 Agents of infectious disease 578</p> <p>11.5 Public health and engineering measures for control of disease 583</p> <p>11.6 Emergent and reemergent infectious diseases 585</p> <p>Summary 589</p> <p>Key words 591</p> <p>References 592</p> <p>Problems 592</p> <p><b>12 Hazardous waste management 595</b><br /> <i>John T. Novak and Paige J. Novak</i></p> <p>Learning Objectives 595</p> <p>12.1 Introduction 595</p> <p>12.2 Common hazardous compounds and wastes 598</p> <p>12.3 Physical and chemical characteristics 603</p> <p>12.4 Remediation 608</p> <p>Summary 612</p> <p>Key words 612</p> <p>References 612</p> <p>Problems 613</p> <p>The Periodic Table 615</p> <p>Index 617</p>

<p>“In summary, this textbook on Environmental Engineering: Principles and Practice can be recommended to all teachers with responsibility in environmental engineering. It focuses upon problem solving, introducing statistical analysis, examples with US and SI units, water and wastewater treatment design, sustainability, public health. It offers all major topics of an US environmental engineering curriculum with clear preference for wide-ranging knowledge on the one hand, water treatment on the other.”  (<i>International Journal of Environment & Pollution</i>, 1 June 2014)</p>

<b>Richard O. Mines, Jr.</b>, <i>Department of Environmental Engineering, Mercer University, Macon, Georgia, USA</i>

<p><i>Environmental Engineering: Principles and Practice</i> is written for advanced undergraduate and first-semester graduate courses in the subject. The text provides a clear and concise understanding of the major topic areas facing environmental professionals.</p> <p>For each topic, the theoretical principles are introduced, followed by numerous examples illustrating the process design approach. Practical, methodical and functional, this exciting new text provides knowledge and background, as well as opportunities for application, through problems and examples that facilitate understanding.</p> <p>Students pursuing the civil and environmental engineering curriculum will fi nd this book accessible and will benefit from the emphasis on practical application. The text will also be of interest to students of chemical and mechanical engineering, where several environmental concepts are of interest, especially those on water and wastewater treatment, air pollution, and sustainability. Practicing engineers will find this book a valuable resource, since it covers the major environmental topics and provides numerous step-by-step examples to facilitate learning and problem-solving.</p> <p><i>Environmental Engineering: Principles and Practice</i> offers all the major topics, with a focus upon:<br /> <br /> • a robust problem-solving scheme introducing statistical analysis;<br /> • example problems with both US and SI units;<br /> • water and wastewater design;<br /> • sustainability;<br /> • public health.</p> <p>There is also a companion website with illustrations, problems and solutions.</p>

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